Heat stress. You’ve probably heard this term ringing throughout the fire department more often now than ever before. As the leading contributor to occupational injuries such as overexertion and cardiovascular disease, it’s no surprise that it’s become common language for firefighters across the world, driving new initiatives, SOPs, and conversations. As VP of Product Innovation and Strategy at Fire-Dex, I encourage firefighters of all ranks to become educated on heat stress and take all reasonable proactive measures to reduce the risk of developing a heat-related injury.
How Are Firefighters at Greater Risk for Heat Stress?
Research from the American Heart Association shows that exposure to extreme heat and physical exertion during firefighting may trigger the formation of blood clots and impair blood vessel function, two predecessors for heart attacks. Due to the nature of the job, firefighters put more strain on the cardiovascular system than the general public and are at a much higher risk for heatstroke and sudden cardiac death.
You’re at the greatest risk for heat stress while interior firefighting and overhaul, but there are effective approaches to keeping your body cool.
3 Effective Ways to Reduce Heat Stress
Keep Hydrated
Like an athlete training for a race, hydration is key! By the time you feel thirst coming on, you’re already slightly dehydrated. Drinking fluids throughout the day will not only keep you feeling replenished, but it will also help your body move more efficiently, giving it the power it needs to get through the task ahead. I would prefer to say caffeinated beverages restrict blood vessels and increase heart rate. Reference NFPA 1584 for more information on proper fireground/rehab hydration.
Choose the Right Gear for the Right Call
Historically, PPE was designed with thicker, heavier layers to improve thermal protection. Though these layers guard against burns and tears, the additional weight makes mobility challenging, decreases breathability, and causes you to work harder. The PPE industry has learned and adapted to modern research by developing new innovations allowing for lighter, more flexible and breathable composite systems, and alternative PPE solutions like dual certified, single-layer fatigues. Opting for alternative PPE when interior firefighting isn’t required can prevent unnecessary overexertion.
Cool Down
Staying cool is a difficult task when you’re asked to suit up in turnouts and approach an active fire. It’s easier said than done, but whenever possible, it is crucial to your health to remove yourself from the heat. Visit the rehab station for a little physical and mental recuperation before you get distracted. If there isn’t an opportunity to tap out, be cognizant of any changes in your physical status that may indicate you’re overheating (e.g. blurred vision, dizziness, etc.) If your department has a higher call volume or is understaffed, consider breathable turnout composites. This could prolong your ability to continue the firefight by helping to support your natural cooling process, wick sweat away from your body, and maintaining your body temperature.
Although heat stress is becoming common language, you can help to prevent the surge of cardiovascular conditions in your fellow firefighters by spreading awareness. Team up to ensure your crew is keeping hydrated, wearing the right gear for the call, and recognizing when your body needs a rest.
Todd Herring began his journey at Fire-Dex in 2015 as part of the acquisition of TECGEN. As Vice President of Product Innovation and Strategy, Todd currently leads the newly-created Product Innovation and Strategy team. He holds a bachelor of science in textile engineering from North Carolina State University.